The UV absorption spectra were recorded between 1nm on spectrophotometer. All the gold NPs batches were stored in the dark to minimize the photo-induced oxidation. Since the HAuCl 4 is corrosive, a glass spatula was used to avoid the contact with metal. Stirring process was continued for another 10 mins for complete homogenization. The color of HAuCl 4 solution changed to dark red over several seconds. Then, 100 mL of HAuCl 4 (0.25 mM) was taken in 250 mL flask with magnetic stirring at 750 rpm and 50 drops of the reducing agent solution was added drop by drop with continuous stirring. Solution of reducing agent (NaBH 4) was prepared by dissolving 1.891 of NaBH 4 in 500 mL of deionized water. Ten milligrams of HAuCl 4 was dissolved in 100 mL of deionized water (0.25 mM), and shaken properly to mix the solution. In this report, gold NPs have been prepared and used for the sake of morphological comparison with other NPs under study. Citation6 – Citation10 The aim of this work is to elaborate more on the use of such technique for a more efficient and better release of nano-drug for therapeutic treatment of hepatic fibrosis as one of the major diseases worldwide. Citation7, Citation8 Drug delivery system is a promising technique in years to come, where it will overcome the conventional treatment for cancer, diabetes, gastro-intestinal disorder, endocrine diseases, etc. Citation7 However, the disadvantages of nano-drug delivery system still need to be tested.Īlthough gold NPs are not the main objective in this study, yet, the use of gold, chitosan, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) NPs has recently been developed as a smart mean of drug delivery system for the treatment of various kinds of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Citation3, Citation4 The advantages of such system are the reduction in the frequency of the dosages taken by the patient, having a more uniform effect of the drug side effects, Citation5 and reduced fluctuation in circulating drug levels, thereby preventing any damage of the healthy tissue, Citation6 whereas the conventional delivery system is based on the absorption of the drug across a biological membrane, which depends on the type of the cell and its location in the body. Citation2 The goal of a drug delivery system is known to prolong the effects and to have a protected drug interaction with the diseased tissue, as the system releases the drug in a dosage form. Citation1 One of the major advantages of nano-drug delivery technique is to spontaneously allow the NPs to reach its specific diseased target, thereby avoiding interaction with healthy tissue. This mean of delivery is largely useful in making such drug reaching its target cells and tissues of an organ thereby smarter than the conventional manner. In this technique, conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) and their carriers are employed. That is to say, it is a method of delivering drugs to a biological system in a manner that increases the amount of the drug in such parts of the system with high affinity. It is emerging as a prospective biomedical tool with applications in diagnostics, specific drug delivery and therapeutics for diseases. It has become a bright spot in biochemical research. The results suggest that chitosan-coated nanoparticles are promising carriers for hydrophobic drugs delivery in the buccal mucosa.Nano-drug delivery has attracted much attention due to its unique physical, chemical and biological properties. The adhesion is mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions between protonated amino groups of mucoadhesive chitosan and negatively charged groups of mucin. Uncoated nanoparticles showed, however, no affinity with BSM layer, confirming that the adsorption of colloidal systems occurs due to their decoration with chitosan. The results show that all investigated chitosan-coated nanoparticles adsorb onto the BSM layer, and the mass uptake was found to be independent of the chitosan molar mass. The interactions between nanoparticles and mucin layer were monitored after the treatment of SAM-functionalized gold-coated quartz crystals with bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM). Uncoated and chitosan-coated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles loaded with curcumin were prepared by nanoprecipitation method and characterized in terms of size, surface charge and drug content. Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D) was used to investigate the mucoadhesive properties of nanoparticles decorated with low, medium and high molar mass chitosan (CS).
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